Program evaluation often uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, including observations, questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups.
Qualitative methods yield non-numeric information and are used to better understand the issues being addressed. They are best for understanding the nature of something. They provide a deep understanding of the context, processes, and significance. However, due to the subjective nature of the data, they may not be generalizable. For program evaluation purposes, qualitative methods can be used to develop program outcomes, elicit qualitative findings and success stories, and clarify evaluation findings when necessary.
Quantitative methods provide measurable and analyzable numerical data. They help appreciate the extent of something. They can help measure the program's outcomes and impacts. However, they may overlook the context or depth of individual experiences.
Learn more about Qualitative and Quantitative Methods
These methods are not mutually exclusive. They can be integrated as complementary forms of investigation, each contributing to different stages in the scientific process. This allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of the program.
Qualitative Methods | Quantitative Methods | |
Definition | Qualitative methods are best for understanding the nature of something. | Quantitative methods help in appreciating its extent. |
When to Use | If we do not know the nature of something, we should conduct qualitative studies. | After measuring something, we may still need to use qualitative methods to learn about variations and unique forms. |
Strengths | They provide a deep understanding of the context, processes, and significance. | They provide measurable and analyzable numerical data. |
Limitations | They may not be generalizable due to the subjective nature of the data. | They may overlook the context or depth of individual experiences. |
Role in Program Evaluation | They can help understand the program's implementation, the environment, and the people involved. | They can help measure the program's outcomes and impacts. |
Type of Data | Non-numerical data | Numerical data |
Examples | Interviews, focus groups, ethnography, observation, and case studies. | Surveys, tests, questionnaires, experiments, and statistical analysis. |
Learn more about quantitative methods
Learn more about qualitative methods
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