With spring in full swing calendar-wise (some of the recent cold fronts makes you wonder), landscaping projects are very popular. You can enjoy working in the garden or flower beds without the stifling heat that we should begin seeing in a few weeks.
One activity that everyone does, that we get lots of questions about, is transplanting trees, shrubs, and other plants. While the ideal time for transplanting these plants would be winter and early spring, in Louisiana we can transplant container plants anytime of the year. The most important thing to remember is that it will take several months to a year for these new transplants to develop a root system that will anchor the plant in the ground and extend into adjoining soils for nutrients. Therefore, we need to support the taller plants, such as trees, and mulch to keep the soil moist and prevent weeds from taking over.
There are several keys to successful transplanting. The first is to plant the root balls at the proper depth. This is the grade at which they were growing in the container. The top of the root ball should be at the same level or slightly higher than the soil grade. Do not cover the lower trunk with soil.
Next, the width of the planting hold should be 2-3 times wider than the tree’s root ball. This allows for lateral root development. The planting hole should be no deeper than the root ball. This will prevent the tree from “sinking” as the soil settles.
Another key is not to amend the backfill soil. Backfill soil is the soil removed from the planting hole. By adding mulch, compost, etc. to the backfill, you change the texture of the soil surrounding the roots. Water from the surrounding soil will migrate to the planting hole and saturation of the root system occurs (soup bowl effect).
Avoid planting root-bound plants. Cut the encircling roots enough to encourage outward growth and prevent future circling. Be sure and water properly. This eliminates air pockets in the soil that can dry out the root system. And be sure and mulch properly. (This was discussed in depth in an earlier article.)
One of the disadvantages of our soils here in Southwest Louisiana is poor internal drainage. When selecting a site for trees and/or shrubs, make sure the surface drainage is good. The quicker you can remove the surface water, the better your chance of avoiding saturated soils. If the site is in a low area, consider planting on mounds. Remember, roots have to breath to survive.