1) Project Requirements
Purchase chicks or older birds that were born in the January-April time frame before the next big shows (La. State Fair in October, LSU State Show in February of the next year or the Southern University Show in March of the next year).
For the first-time exhibitor, solid color birds, such as Plymouth Rocks or Leghorns, are recommended. Go to a reputable dealer or breeder for day-old chicks, pullets (females under the age of 12 months) and/or cockerels (males under the age of 12 months). Ensure dealer/breeder practices blood testing program for pullorum and typhoid diseases.
2) Shelter
House chicks in a brooder or enclosed floor space (old stall) that allows ½ to 1 square foot per chick. Cover floor with at least 2 inches of litter. Add new litter on top of soiled litter as needed. Provide two 250 heat lamps per 50 chicks that will keep temperature at 90-95 degrees F during first few days (gradually reduce to 65-70 degrees F). Older birds or birds that outgrow the brooder can be moved to a clean, fenced yard.
3) Feeding
Ensure chicks are drinking before feed is given. A powdered electrolyte can be purchased at feed stores (gator aid serves as a good substitute). Top of feeders should be even with birds’ backs. Make available at all times a good (22% to 24% protein) commercial feed from day one or begin with a 30% turkey starter mash for the first two weeks for day-old chicks. Switch to a 20% feed for the next four or five weeks; gradually reduce the protein requirement to 16% for the remainder of the project or for birds older than 8 weeks. Follow feed manufacturer’s recommendations for adding extra calcium, grit or whole grain.
4) Water
Always have clean, fresh water available (one 1-gallon fountain per 50 chicks). If tap water is used, no special additives are required.
5) Sanitation
Keep brooder and/or floor space dry and clean. Dispose of/separate dead birds or sick birds immediately. Store feed in cool, clean, dry and well-ventilated area free from pests.
6) Preparation for Show
Preparation for show must take place throughout the life of the project. Examine birds as they mature for characteristics and traits that represent the breed of the bird being raised. Consult the American Standard of Perfection for assistance. Birds identified as suitable-for-show should be placed in individual cages. As the birds grow and as show time nears, attention to the following general conditions is very important: injuries, dirty plumage (including feet and legs), external and internal parasites, disease, overgrown beaks, overgrown spurs, excessively long toenails, lack of flesh, etc. Birds suitable-for-show should walk with a free and easy motion. Be aware that egg production affects skin and plumage. When cleaning, do not submerge show-ready birds in a bath unless extremely dirty; simply wipe body with a damp sponge and wipe wattles, comb and feet with alcohol and glycerin.
7) Records
Keep information on purchase, feed, deaths, weight and selection. Records help you make decisions about your project.
References
- LSU AgCenter Pub. 2390, Introduction to the 4-H Poultry Project, 7/02.
- Merck Veterinary Manual, 1991. American Standard of Perfection, 1998.