| | Formosan subterranean termite alate or winged termite. Photo by Dr. Matt Messenger. |
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| | Native subterranean termite alate or winged termite. Photo by Dr. Matt Messenger. |
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| | Formosan and native subterranean termite soldiers. Note the head shapes: Formosan-teardrop-shaped, native-rectangular shaped. Photo by Dr. Matt Messenger. |
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The Formosan subterranean termite was introduced to Louisiana around the end of World War II. The most important structural pest of the new millennium, it is now considered the most destructive insect in Louisiana, causing millions of dollars in losses because of treatments; repairs; defaults on loans; and collapse, demolition and rebuilding of structures. It spreads naturally through swarming and budding but at a slow rate. This scourge is being spread much more rapidly by humans across Louisiana and to other states. Are you spreading Formosan subterranean termites?
This termite hitches a ride to new areas in infested cellulose (wood, paper or their products). At the time of this writing, the number one method of spreading the Formosan subterranean termite is infested railroad ties. The second most important method of spreading the Formosan subterranean termite is infested utility poles. Other methods of spreading the termite include: wood from structures, lumber, pallets, landscape timbers, wood used in the oil industry, firewood, trees, sawdust, mulch, potted plants, wood in boats, mobile homes, homes and paper. It has been reported that winged termites can land on and hitch a ride on vehicles.
Do NOT move cellulose from infested areas unless you are sure the material is not infested. EVERYONE has a responsibility to prevent the spread of the termite! If there is a doubt about whether or not material is infested, either do NOT move the material or treat it properly before moving it. The Formosan subterranean termite is known to infest parts of the following states: Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas.
To determine if material is infested, make a thorough inspection looking for termites, damaged wood, soil, mud tubes and carton nest. Infrared photography may be used to help determine if the inside of wood is infested.
Additionally, it is important to know where the Formosan subterranean termite is located in the state to help prevent its spread. You can help by reporting infestations to the LSU AgCenter and by sending several winged termites (with wings) and/or soldiers (termites with large, orange-yellow heads) in for identification. Termites should be collected and placed in 100% alcohol and sent for identification. Please send termites to Dennis Ring, 404 Life Sciences, Department of Entomology, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1710. Include your name, location (street address or road, city, zip code) termites were collected, parish, and material or plant collected from. Contact your county agent for assistance in sending termites or for more information.