Commercial sales of crawfish in Louisiana date back to the late 1800s, and today's crawfish industry includes millions of pounds harvested from farms and natural habitats in the state. This publication covers a wide range of topics on crawfish production, including crawfish biology, pond design, forage management, stocking, water quality, harvesting, marketing and much more.

This article describes materials and techniques for the construction of pillow traps and pyramid traps used to harvest crawfish in Louisiana's commercial crawfish industry

Limited food resources near the end of the crawfish production season resulted in lower reproduction. Moreover, short-term feeding with high protein/high energy feeds in forage depleted ponds before crawfish burrowing seemed to mitigate the food shortages and even increased the spawning rate over those crawfish from ponds rich in forage.

Channel cattish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), is the most important species of aquatic animal commercially cultured in the United States.

Crawfish research and extension specialists in the LSU AgCenter often receive inquiries from producers regarding the need or benefit of liming ponds or fields used for crawfish production. The following article discusses calcium and water hardness requirements for crawfish, benefits and limitations of liming, and where to get your water and soil tested to determine if lime is required for your crawfish pond(s).

The challenge farmers face this season is to produce a crawfish crop as inexpensively as possible. When to flood, how deep to flood and managing water quality must all be considered so as to pump as little as possible.

In Louisiana, two-thirds of the crawfish crop is generally harvested from March through June, when densities are highest and crawfish are most active. More than half of all production expenses are associated with harvest. Efficient harvesting is essential for crawfish farming profitability. This document is Chapter 8 in the Louisiana Crawfish Production Manual.

This glossary was developed to provide a better understanding of many of the terms used in the crawfish production manual. This document is the Glossary in the Louisiana Crawfish Production Manual.

Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crawfish) and P. zonangulus (white river crawfish) have similar ecological requirements associated with natural cycles of flooding and drying. Both construct burrows in which they survive and reproduce during temporary dry periods. The highest densities and most complex population structures usually occur where crawfish have been grown in the same location for several consecutive seasons. This document is Chapter 2 in the Louisiana Crawfish Production Manual.

Captured "red swamp crawfish" vary widely in color because of their diet and environmental conditions, but the most exotic colors occur because of mutations in the genes that are responsible for pigment formation.

Dr. Robert Romaire, LSU AgCenter aquaculture specialist, said the white spot syndrome virus that struck numerous ponds earlier this year may not be as much of a problem after all. He said research, partially funded by crawfish producers’ self-assessed fees, is being done to learn more about the disease.

Over the last several years, crawfish farmers have been switching to a slightly different crawfish trap – one constructed of ¾-inch square mesh wire in lieu of those made from ¾-inch hexagonal (6-sided) mesh. The square mesh traps are more durable and produce larger catches.

Heavy rainfall and winter feeding tend to add up to conditions that can lead to brown blood disease in the spring. Brown blood is caused by the buildup of nitrates in ponds, which produces a result similar to carbon monoxide poisoning.

This article discusses the life history and biology of the Procambarid crawfishes, the red swamp crawfish and white river crawfish.

Unlike the red meat and poultry processing industries, catfish processing does not fall under the regulations of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Before a catfish processor begins operation, however, he must contact local county health officials to comply with county health regulations and to obtain a health permit.

September 08 Crawfish News. This newsletter addresses fall flooding considerations, storm water management, pumping efficiency and energy cost, and relationship of temperature and crawfish growth.

There are two methods used in the production of food-sized red drum. The more conventional method is semi-intensive culture in ponds. The other method, intensive indoor raceway culture, is unproven from an economic standpoint. This publication focuses on pond production.

Catfish is now the fourth most popular seafood product in the U.S. The catfish processing industry has grown dramatically to keep up with the increasing demand.

This list is comprised of contact information for catfish experts within the LSU Agricultural Center and the LSU - Baton Rouge campus.

Fingerling culture ponds are usually smaller than ponds used for grow out. The advantages to this practice, as well as food, water quality and harvesting requirements, are outlined in this publication.

This list is comprised of contact information for pet turtle experts within the LSU Agricultural Center and the LSU - Baton Rouge campus.

Lakes and ponds can develop dense stands of aquatic vegetation that interfere with intended uses and destroy the natural beauty of the water. Most aquatic weed problems result from poor planning and poor management. Manipulating factors such as water, light and nutrients can help prevent weed growth.

The high fish densities demanded by the market effectively reduce the availability of natural foods for individual fish. Thus, intensively cultured fish are generally fed prepared feeds to support maximum growth.

The three main fish species raisedfor bait in the southern region are the golden shiner, the fathead minnow, and the goldfish. Together, these three species account for more than 90 percent of farm-raised bait and feeder fish sales in the United States.

Although other prawn species are indigenous to the southern United States, they do not reach the size of the Malaysian Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). This quality makes the Malaysian Prawn an attractive option for producers.

The final phase of freshwater prawn (shrimp) production is grow-out of juveniles to adults for market as a food product. This publication provides guidelines for stocking and managing a fresh water prawn production pond.

Throughout the world, pond production of freshwater shrimp is usually based on culture of Marobrachium rosenbergii, which is native to the Indo-Pacific region. The tropical nature of the species hinders production in cooler climates. In Louisiana, the major constraints to production include cost and availability of post-larvae for stocking and temperature intolerance.

An ever-increasing number of private landowners are constructing recreational ponds to meet their fishing needs while avoiding congestion associated with public watercourses. Includes pond management and resource information.

Feeding is the most important task in the intensive pond production of catfish, and the person responsible for feeding should be an experienced fish culturist.

The success of channel catfish culture depends on maximizing production in a cost-effective manner.The greatest costs are those associated with feed and feeding. Producers and researchers are constantly seeking new ways of lowering these costs. One way of reducing feed costs is to take advantage of the phenomenon of compensatory growth.

July 2008. This newsletter has information on late-summer planting and management of crawfish forage crops, control measures for fall army worms, a brief overview on crawfish reproduction and an annoucement for an upcoming survey on crawfish production economics.

These studies show that diets for Morone hybrids may be refined by decreasing the dietary protein level, using alternate protein sources, and increasing carbohydrate in the diet.

This publication outlines some of the options for design, operation and maintenance of ornamental ponds and discusses basic environmental requirements of fish and plants commonly grown in these ponds. 20 pages. Full color. (PDF Format Only)

This 1987 five-page article, written by Jay V. Huner and James E. Barr and published by the Louisiana Sea Grant Program, provides basic biological information on crawfishes, including taxonomy, anatomy, basic physiology, ecology and maintaining crawfish in aquaria for classroom activities. The material is suitable for high school-level biology.

Channel catfish, like all other animals, require a supply of vitamins for normal growth and health. By definition, vitamins are nutrients required to support growth and other bodily functions.

View the latest sampling results in a bar chart and table from 15 parishes.

Striped bass and hybrid striped bass, in particular, have potential for culture in the United States as foodfish. Before embarking into this area of aquaculture, producers should know the biology and history of this fish.

This publication features a sample enterprise budget showing annual cost and return information and capital investment requirements for raising hybrid striped bass. It is based on recommended management practices and conservative estimates of hybrid yield, prices and cost for pond production in the southern region.

The annual harvest of wild alligators and the collection of eggs from the wild are important aspects that contribute to the sustainability of the resource. Because these reptiles have a commercial value, landowners are more apt to protect the resource on their land and also protect the habitat that produces this resource.

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) has been confirmed for the first time in Louisiana crawfish. Following are best management practices to use to minimize the impact of the virus. These BMPs have been developed by the LSU AgCenter.

Forage species are primarily stocked in private waters throughout the Southeast as a food source for largemouth bass and other predator species. Unfortunately, the ideal forage species for all management situations does not exist. Therefore, managers often attempt to maximize largemouth bass production by stocking a multi-forage base. In many southeastern states, private landowners must rely on private hatcheries as sources for appropriate forage species.

A variety of factors can reduce populations in fish ponds during the spring.

The crawfish aquaculture industry, located primarily in Louisiana, has remained viable and resilient despite some considerable constraints. Success can be attributed to several factors.

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) has been confirmed in crawfish in a number of crawfish ponds in south Louisiana and in the Atchafalaya Basin. This is the first time this disease has been found in Louisiana crawfish. WSSV is a virus that only affects crustaceans. It does not affect people or other animals.

Teachers' resource manual, based on grade level expectations (GLE), using crawfish as the subject model to provide teaching materials for the subject areas of English, Math, Science and Social Studies from grades kindergarden through 8th grade, and high school science laboratory excercises.

This table provides industry statistics, including dock-side price per pound, for Louisiana farm-raised and wild crawfish. Source of statistics is the Louisiana Summary, Agriculture & Natural Resources, years 1997 through 2007.

May 2008 Crawfish News. This newsletter provides information on forage planting, liming crawfish ponds, and stocking new, existing, and recently renovated ponds.

It is important to purchase the best available catfish fingerlings when stocking commercial production ponds. Poor quality can result in delayed harvesting, underestimated stocking weights and disease transmission to fish already present in the pond. Fingerling quality is judged on grading, strain, health, and the supplier's reliability.

Virtually all crawfish sold by farmers and fishermen are alive. This market necessitates that crawfish remain alive until cooked, which may require several days or longer in some cases.

An up-do-date list of fingerling producers in Louisiana and surrounding states. The list provides contact information and names of the fish types produced.

This report presents estimates of projected costs of producing crawfish in Louisiana for the 2008 season.

The largemouth bass (Micropterussalmoides) is one of several “basses” that are actually members of the sunfish family. There are two recognized subspecies, the Florida and the Northern, which will blend genetically.

Recirculating systems are mechanically sophisticated and biologically complex. Management of these systems takes education, expertise and dedication. This publication addresses the problems of managing such a system so that producers can make informed decisions.

Recirculating aquaculture production systems may offer an alternative to pond aquaculture technology. Through water treatment and reuse, recirculating systems use a fraction of the water and land required by ponds to produce similar yields.

Freshwater crawfish of the genus Procambarus are a valuable aquaculture commodity in the southern United States, with annual production of 30 to 50 million pounds and farm-gatevalues of $25 to 50 million. Unlike fishes, crawfish are not harvested by seining. Instead, crawfish are harvested with a passive system that uses baited traps.

The securing of brood stock, inducing them to spawn and caring for the eggs until hatching require the most technical expertise of any phase of fish production. Red drum are no exception.

Most fish grown in ponds, floating net pens or raceways can be reared in commercial-scale recirculating systems, but the economic feasibility of doing so is not certain. The challenge to designers of recirculating systems is to maximize production capacity per dollar of capital invested.

Aquatic weeds are a common problem in recreational ponds. This document discusses aquatic weeds and ways of controling them.

This document discusses uses for ponds other than fishing. These include livestock watering, fire control, wildlife habitat and swimming. Includes figures.

This document explains causes, effects, and solutions for oxygen depletion. It also discusses other causes of fish kills, such as chemical contamination.

This document discusses causes of muddy pond water and ways to prevent and control it.

Description:Proper use of fertilizer can increase fish yields two to five times. Fish are easier to catch in fertilized ponds because plankton turbidity limits their vision, causing them to be less wary. Plankton blooms also reduce light penetration to pond bottoms, preventing growth of troublesome aquatic weeds.

The species of crawfish important in the southeastern United States are the red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) and the white river crawfish (Procambarus zonangulus). Culture methods are relatively simple compared to those for other aquatic animals. Crawfish culture can fit well with farm management plans because it uses marginal lands, existing labor and farm equipment during off-peak farming periods.

This document introduces subjects that must be taken into consideration when creating a recreational pond, including permitting, public lands and waters, and liability.

This document discusses common nuisances and predators found in and around recreational ponds and gives suggestions on reducing their numbers.

This document discusses the importance of managing bass and bream populations in your recreational pond and provides management recommendations.

When fish are stressed, they are more susceptible to disease. This document discusses stress and diseases that fish can contract.

This document discusses the importance of water quality to a recreational pond and water quality characteristics.

This document provides information about when liming might be necessary and lime application methods.

This article discusses the procedures that should be taken to maximize the health of fingerlings when stocking your recreational pond.

This document discusses important aspects of designing and constructing a recreational pond, along with illustrations of pond layouts and drainage options.

This newsletter reviews spring trapping and harvesting recommendations, submitting crawfish samples for identification of white spot virus syndrome, how to identify sexually mature, non-growing crawfish, availability of a free crawfish production and marketing record keeping software, and an industry update on a federal Aquaculture Block Grant to assist aquaculture producers adversely affected by high feed costs.

This document gives tips and information on renovating ponds to remove undesirable fish species.

Habitat is extremely important in supporting a successful fishery in your pond. This article provides information on depth considerations, habitat complexity and creating spawning areas for your fish.

The baitfish industry is the fourth largest aquaculture industry in the United States in dollar sales. Yet, little work has been done on the economics of this important industry. This budget is based on recommended management practices and conservative estimates of yield, prices and cost.

Alligator farming requires specific culture techniques and specialized knowledge on the part of the producer. The commercial production of alligators can be divided into 3 phases: 1) management of adult alligators, 2) egg collection, incubation and hatching, 3) grow-out of juvenile alligators to market size. PDF Only

This fact sheet provides information on chemical test kits and meters for measuring oxygen, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and a list of vendors where oxygen-measuring kits or meters can be purchased.

March 2008 Crawfish News. This newsletter covers information on springtime pond oxygen management, supplemental feeding, growth of crawfish, handling and care of crawfish, white spot syndrome virus update, and legal considerations in shipping crawfish.

When considering what fish to stock, determine your objectives in terms of food production, recreation, aesthetics or trophy angling and how much time you have to devote to pond management. Although many types of fish could be stocked into recreational ponds, few have the characteristics needed to provide quality fishing year after year.

Springtime diseases and oxygen losses in fish ponds are common throughout the Southeast.

Whether you like them fried, boiled or in a stew, crawfish are a Louisiana favorite. And for the next few months, crawfish can be found on dinner tables and in backyard boils across the state. The crawfish season has been a little slower this year, according to LSU AgCenter experts, but the crawfish are out there.

Alligator production in environmentally controlled houses is similar in intensity to production in poultry and swine houses. As with any highly intensified agriculture activity, alligator farming has a high degree of risk and demands special management skills. PDF Only

This list of BMPs (Best Management Practices) is a guide for the selection and implementation of those practices that will help producers to conserve soil and protect water and air resources by reducing pollutants from reaching both surface and ground water.

The red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) is a marine fish that naturally ranges from Central Mexico on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to Massachusetts on the Atlantic Ocean. Red drum have been taken in small numbers by commercial fishermen on the Atlantic Coast for many years, but the species is important only on the Gulf Coast.

2008 had many ups and downs for Louisiana farmers. The outlook was good as the New Year started, but economic and weather conditions didn’t remain favorable. LSU AgCenter economist Kurt Guidry looks back at 2008 and ahead to 2009.

This document presents crawfish harvest production statistics in Louisiana from Aquaculture and Wild Crop from 1978 through 2007.

Recirculating aquaculture systems can handle large quantities of fish in relatively small volumes of water. The water is reused after its treated to remove toxic waste products. Plants are an ideal secondary crop in integrated systems because they respond to the high levels of dissolved nutrients generated from the microbial breakdown of fish wastes. (PDF Format Only)

Aquatic herbicides are chemicals used to kill aquatic plants or severely interrupt their growth. About 200 herbicides are registered by the EPA for use in the United States, but only six are labeled for use in aquaculture sites. It is important that aquaculturists use these registered herbicides in a safe and effective manner.

Herbicides are just one method of managing aquatic weeds. There are also: 1) preventive methods such as proper pond site selection and construction, fertilization andperiodic draw-downs; 2) biological methods such as grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella); and 3) mechanical methods such as cutting, seining and raking. Using a combination of methods is the most effective method of managing aquatic weeds.

Crawfish aquaculture relies on control of pond hydrology to simulate optimal wet and dry conditions occurring in natural riverine and wetland habitats. Crawfish grow and mature during the wet or flooded cycle and survive the dry periods by digging burrows.

A well-designed recirculating aquaculture system offers a number of advantages over pond systems. This publication and accompanying spreadsheet are designed to help prospective recirculating system operators examine the economics of proposed systems.

Poor water quality that persists for days and weeks is detrimental to crawfish production. Water quality is influenced by many factors, both environmental and biological. This work supported in part by EPA Grant #C9-996102-08 through the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality. (Chapter 7 of the Louisiana Crawfish Production Manual)

When you think about crawfish, most people envision Louisiana parties, family gatherings and boiled crawfish. People enjoy crawfish for a number of reasons: crawfish are full of protein, low in calories and saturated fat, easy to prepare, and they taste great.

Grass carp can effectively control aquatic vegetation, particularly submerged vegetation. The key to using grass carp is to stock the proper number based on their vegetation preferences, the water temperature, and the biomass and pond coverage of the plants.

This newsletter addresses nuisance wildlife control, proper handling and transport of crawfish to maximize shelf life, environmental factors that could influence the low fall-early winter catch, and the background and history on the Louisiana Crawfish Promotion and Research Board

This slide presentation presented to the Louisiana Seafood Industry Advisory Council reviews biological and environmental factors that influence and control production of larger, more valuable, crawfish by farmers.

January 2008 Crawfish News. This newsletter covers information on baits and baiting recommendations, commercial species of crawfish in Louisiana, algal scum problems in crawfish ponds and locations for February 2008 crawfish producer meetings.

This publication was designed to serve as a guide to aquaculture-related red drum (redfish) literature. The intended audience includes red drum producers as well as potential producers, investors and lenders.

Fish kills occur both in natural populations and under aquaculture conditions. When fish kills or disease outbreaks occur on a fishfarm or private pond or lake, it is usually an emergency. To optimize the response to a fishkill, producers should be prepared.

A list of additional Web sites that provide alligator-related information.

Information on recirculating production systems, fingerling sources, stocking and harvest management, regulatory considerations, economics and markets are included in this publication.

Efforts to collect wild broodfish for hatchery production of red drum fingerlings are usually most successful during or just before the fall spawning period, although some success may be realized at other times.

Alligator Contacts Within the LSU Agricultural Center and LSU Baton Rouge Campus

A device used to blow air into a pond to create movement of the water.

The purpose of this publication is to provide prospective pond owners with the basic information needed to understand the process involved in establishing and maintaining a quality pond.

Whether from managed ponds or wild habitats, Louisiana’s crawfish harvests comprise two species – red swamp crawfish (scientific name: Procambarus clarkii) and to a lesser extent white river crawfish (scientific name: Procambarus zonangulus). Anyone considering crawfish farming should review current information available from the LSU AgCenter and discuss their projects or business plans with an extension professional. This document is Chapter 1 in the Crawfish Production Manual.

Water gardens or garden pools have become a popular part of landscape architecture in the United States. Water gardens are visually soothing and seem to connect people to the natural aquatic world. The esthetic value of water gardens is enhanced by the almost endless variety of design and planting options that make each one a unique and personal creation.

Whether from aquaculture or the natural fishery, the supply of live crawfish is highly seasonal, with peak harvest occurring from March through June. Supply-and-demand relationships are reflected in price variations from year to year and from week to week during the crawfish harvest season. Because of restricted geographical areas of production, seasonal supply, unstable prices and limited consumer awareness, crawfish sales nationally have been limited but have increased in recent years.

Pond inundation, or flooding, begins the chain of events that establish the environment from which crawfish obtain most of their nutrients. Put simply, the forage crop serves as the fuel for a food web, with crawfish at the top of the food web. This document is Chapter 5 in the Louisiana Crawfish Production Manual.

Pond location, design and construction are the most important physical factors for successful crawfish production. Proper design and construction give the crawfish farmer better control over flooding, drainage, forage management, water circulation and harvesting. This document is Chapter 4 in the Louisiana Crawfish Production Manual.

Methods used for crawfish aquaculture involve little more than limited control of the environmental conditions under which these animals evolved. Farming practices are based on the annual water cycles and conditions to which these crawfish have become adapted over millions of years. This document is Chapter 3 in the Louisiana Crawfish Production Manual.

Catfish of the proper size are sold iced, frozen, or battered and breaded in the following forms: whole; dressed (deheaded, eviscerated and skinned); filleted; steaked; or as strips or nuggets.

Letter containing information managing water quality and the spacing of traps in the field.

(Distributed 09/05/08) Rain resulting from Hurricane Gustav across the crawfish-producing parishes of Louisiana may cause problems for crawfish producers, according to LSU AgCenter aquaculture specialists Greg Lutz and Mark Shirley.

Cattle, rice, sugarcane, crawfish, wildlife and alligators are among many of Hurricane Rita casualties in southwestern Louisiana.

Letter containing information on the affects of Hurricane Humberto on crawfish ponds and an announcement for the Louisiana Crawfish Farmers Association annual membership meeting.

General information about techniques used in hatcheries to produce hybrid striped bass are covered by this publication.

When ponds are fertilized, nutrients stimulate the growth of microscopic plants in the water (phytoplankton). Phytoplankton is food for other organisms (zooplankton and larger animals) that are eaten by fish. Abundant growth of these microscopic plants gives water a turbid, greenish color (called a “bloom”) that can prevent light from reaching the pond bottom and reduce the growth of rooted aquatic weeds.

Basic methods used to control weeds include preventive, mechanical, biological and chemical techniques. Determining which of these techniques to use involves consideration of the target weed species, fish production objectives for the pond, secondary water uses and the cost of treatment options.

The terms “baitfish” and “feeder fish” encompass a number of distinct species, each with its own nutritional requirements. Economic analyses clearly indicate that a feeding program is necessary for maximizing profit.

Production of fingerling and stocker red drum is normally practiced by hatchery producers. At the same time, these are completely different operations and require different areas, practices and expertise. Usually the larvae are secured at an age of about 3 days, and one of two methods of production is used. Only pond culture production methods are presented here.

The commercial production of catfish in the United States has increased at a phenomenal rate in the last three decades. By 1997, channel catfish culture was the largest aquaculture industry in the United States, with catfish production representing 72 percent (by weight) and 55 percent (by value) of the entire industry (U.S. Joint Subcommittee on Aquaculture 1999).

Including seafood as part of an overall balanced diet can provide many health benefits. This publication includes tips on selecting, storing and using seafood. (PDF Format Only)

Channel catfish require adequate protein in their diet for good growth and weight gain. Within certain limits, catfish grow faster as the protein content of their diet is increased. But when more protein is provided by the diet than fish can use for growth, the excess is used inefficiently as a source of energy or is lost through excretion.

Existing ponds normally do not need to be restocked. New ponds require 50-60 pounds per acre of mature crawfish. Drain ponds 2-3 weeks after stocking to allow time for crawfish to burrow into the ground.

Turtle farming has been practiced for decades in Louisiana. The industry developed to produce baby turtles, specifically red-earsliders (Trachemys scripta elegans),for sale as pets. This publication reviews commonly used production and marketing techniques.

During the summer and early fall, it is not unusual for fish kills to occur in commercial ponds under uncertain circumstances.

Farming crawfish requires pumping water. Pumping water costs money. Although there is really no way to get around these facts, we can take action to minimize pumping costs.

This report evaluates the economic impact of crawfish as a rotational crop on the rice enterprise, indentifying specific costs imposed on the rice enterprise unique to crawfish production and presenting relevant economic principles in the assignment of production costs to alternative farm enterprises from a farm accounting perspective.

This article discusses various aspects of marketing crawfish with emphasis on Louisiana. Topics covered include: seasonal and annual supply, influence of Chinese imports on the industry, pricing, product forms, including live and processed product, marketing influences, purging and cleaning, transporting and storing live crawfish, production strategies for identified markets, and regulations and permits.

A farm pond or recreational pond can serve many purposes. This publication reviews planning considerations and management recommendations relating to a number of potential uses for small ponds in Louisiana.

The aquaculture industry is looking increasingly to genetic improvement for gains in production. But improving the genetics of aquatic species can take a long time. With catfish, for instance, a male typically spawns with only one female each season. Even if genetically superior males and females could be identified, the process of developing breeding stock and improved lines could take a decade or more.

This study was designed to examine the biological and economical efficacy of relaying crawfish into a growing rice crop in an intercropping manner.

To reduce losses caused by hungry birds, aquaculture farmers spend as much as $100,000 a year on abatement programs. Now, two LSU AgCenter agricultural engineers have developed robotic boats to keep these predators out of commercial ponds.

NEW ORLEANS – A four-day international gathering of more than 400 rice scientists and agricultural industry representatives came to a close Wednesday (March 3).

Proper design and construction of ponds is critical to the success of a commercial catfish operation. Well-designed ponds, constructed on soil with proper clay content and adequate water supply, have a useful life of at least 10 years.

Considerable thought and planning should go into selecting sites for commercial fish production ponds. Construction costs, ease and cost of operation, and productivity can be greatly affected by the site selected.

To be profitable, an aquaculture pond must be sited properly and designed for efficiency. An inaccessible location, leaks in the pond, poor seining conditions, or lack of good quality water will doom an aquaculture enterprise to failure.

"Let’s go fishing" are the buzz words around the elementary and junior high schools in Plaquemines Parish – thanks to LSU AgCenter 4-H agent Wayne Burgess and some outstanding volunteers. According to Burgess, who is an LSU AgCenter 4-H agent in Plaquemines and St. Bernard parishes, aquatic education has been part of his program for the past eight years.

Two LSU AgCenter faculty members have been elected to key leadership positions in the World Aquaculture Society.

Aquaculture professor Dr. Ray McClain is one of three crawfish researchers in the state – and one of only a handful in the nation. The LSU AgCenter researcher says farming crawfish is all about replicating conditions of their natural habitat.

Nine aquaculture research projects recently received nearly $293,000 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The grants will be used to support research with catfish, crawfish, hybrid striped bass, alligator and freshwater drum.

Although many catfish producers rely on commercial hatcheries for fingerlings, onsite fingerling production is an important part of many operations. The tips below address channel catfish fry production in the hatchery and managing ponds for rearing fry into fingerlings.